📖 UNIT - I
Database System Applications & Introduction to Database Design
Topics Covered
- Database System Applications
- A Historical Perspective
- File System vs Database Management System (DBMS)
- Data Models
- Levels of Abstraction in DBMS
- Data Independence
- Structure of DBMS
- Introduction to Database Design
- Database Design using ER Diagram
- Entities
- Attributes
- Entity Sets
- Relationships
- Relationship Sets
- Additional Features of ER Model
- Conceptual Database Design using ER Model
📄 Open Unit 1 Notes
📖 UNIT - II
Relational Model & Relational Algebra
Topics Covered
- Introduction to Relational Model
- Integrity Constraints
- Enforcing Integrity Constraints
- Querying Relational Data
- Logical Database Design
- Introduction to Views
- Creating, Altering and Dropping Tables
- Creating, Altering and Dropping Views
- Relational Algebra
- Tuple Relational Calculus
- Domain Relational Calculus
📄 Open Unit 2 Notes
📖 UNIT - III
SQL, Constraints, Triggers & Schema Refinement
Topics Covered
- Basic SQL Queries
- SELECT Statement
- UNION
- INTERSECT
- EXCEPT
- Nested Queries
- Aggregate Functions
- NULL Values
- Integrity Constraints in SQL
- Triggers
- Active Databases
- Schema Refinement
- Redundancy Problems
- Decomposition
- Functional Dependencies
- First Normal Form (1NF)
- Second Normal Form (2NF)
- Third Normal Form (3NF)
- Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
- Lossless Join Decomposition
- Multivalued Dependencies
- Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
- Fifth Normal Form (5NF)
📄 Open Unit 3 Notes
📖 UNIT - IV
Transactions & Concurrency Control
Topics Covered
- Transaction Concept
- Transaction State
- Atomicity
- Durability
- Concurrent Executions
- Serializability
- Recoverability
- Isolation
- Testing for Serializability
- Lock Based Protocols
- Timestamp Based Protocols
- Validation Based Protocols
- Multiple Granularity
- Recovery and Atomicity
- Log Based Recovery
- Recovery with Concurrent Transactions
📄 Open Unit 4 Notes
📖 UNIT - V
Storage, File Organization & Indexing
Topics Covered
- Data on External Storage
- File Organization
- Indexing
- Clustered Indexes
- Primary Index
- Secondary Index
- Dense Index
- Sparse Index
- B+ Tree Index
- Hash Based Indexing
- Static Hashing
- Dynamic Hashing
- Extendible Hashing
- Linear Hashing
- Index Data Structures
- Hash Based File Organization
📄 Open Unit 5 Notes